Chapter 1 - Purposes and Scope of the FOIP Act

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Contents

Overview
1.1 Purposes of the FOIP Act
1.2 Application of the Act
1.3 Records Subject to the Act
1.4 Custody or Control
1.5 Records Excluded from the Act
1.6 Relationship to Other Acts

This chapter covers

• the purposes of the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy (FOIP) Act;
• scope of the FOIP Act;
• the records that are subject to the FOIP Act;
• the meaning of custody or control of records;
• excluded records;
• records to which a paramountcy applies.

The basic objectives of the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy (FOIP) Act are:

• to ensure that public bodies are open and accountable to the public by providing a right of access to records; and
• to protect the privacy of individuals by controlling the manner in which public bodies collect, use and disclose personal information.

Section 2 of the Act sets out five purposes.

A right of access to records. The first purpose is to establish a right of access by any person to records in the custody or under the control of a public body, subject to limited and specific exceptions, which are set out in the Act. This right of access is the cornerstone of openness and accountability of public bodies and should be taken into account when making any decision about disclosing records in response to a FOIP request.

The limited and specific exclusions and exceptions which are set out in the Act provide the only basis for refusing access to records and should always be interpreted with a view to giving as much access as possible to the records requested.

Protection of personal privacy. The second purpose is to control the manner in which a public body may collect, use and disclose the personal information of individuals. This purpose also entails controlling the manner in which personal information is retained, disposed of, kept accurate and protected.

The Act requires public bodies to balance operational efficiencies against the interests of individuals in their own personal information and their privacy by employing good information management practices. Privacy protection measures are often referred to as a code of fair information practices.

A right of access to an individual's own personal information. The third purpose is to create a right of access for individuals to personal information about themselves, again subject to limited and specific exceptions set out in the Act. Public bodies should interpret the exceptions with a view to giving an individual as much access as possible to his or her own personal information.

A right to request a correction. The fourth purpose is to allow individuals a right to request corrections to personal information about themselves that is held by a public body.

Independent review of decisions. The fifth purpose is to provide for the independent review of decisions made by public bodies under the Act and for the investigation of complaints. Independent review is provided by the Information and Privacy Commissioner.

Scope of the Act

The FOIP Act applies to all public bodies. Section 1 of the Act contains a number of definitions that set out which bodies are and are not public bodies for the purposes of the Act. Bodies that are subject to the Act have statutory duties with regard to access to information and protection of privacy.

Section 4 of the Act establishes which records are subject to the Act and which records are excluded. Section 4 is discussed in detail in section 1.5 of this chapter.

Public body (Section 1(p))

A public body is defined in the Act to mean:

• a department, branch or office of the Government of Alberta;
• an agency, board, commission, corporation, office, or other body designated as a public body in the regulations (Schedule 1 of the FOIP Regulation);
• the Executive Council Office;
• the office of a member of the Executive Council;
• the Legislative Assembly Office;
• the office of the Auditor General, the Ombudsman, the Chief Electoral Officer, the Ethics Commissioner, or the Information and Privacy Commissioner; or
• a local public body.

The FOIP Act came into force for public bodies other than local public bodies on October 1, 1995.

Local public body (Section 1(j))

A local public body is defined in the Act to mean:

• an educational body;
• a health care body; or
• a local government body.

Educational body (Section 1(d))

An educational body is defined in the Act to mean:

• a university as defined in the Post-secondary Learning Act;
• a technical institute as defined in the Post-secondary Learning Act;
• a public college as defined in the Post-secondary Learning Act;
• the Banff Centre as defined in the Post-secondary Learning Act;
• a board as defined in the School Act;
• a charter school as defined in the School Act; or
• a regional authority as defined in the School Act.

The FOIP Act came into force for educational bodies other than post-secondary institutions on September 1, 1998 and for post-secondary institutions on September 1, 1999.

Health care body (Section 1(g))

A health care body is defined in the Act to mean:

• the board of an approved hospital as defined in the Hospitals Act, other than an approved hospital that is owned and operated by a regional health authority under the Regional Health Authorities Act;
• the operator of a nursing home as defined in the Nursing Homes Act, other than a nursing home that is owned and operated by a regional health authority under the Regional Health Authorities Act;
• the provincial health board established under the Regional Health Authorities Act;
• the Alberta Cancer Board, continued under the Cancer Programs Act;
• a regional health authority under the Regional Health Authorities Act;
• a community health council established under the Regional Health Authorities Act; or
• a subsidiary health corporation as defined in the Regional Health Authorities Act.

Hospitals and nursing homes directly owned and operated by a regional health authority are part of the regional health authority. Other public hospitals and nursing homes are separate local public bodies.

The FOIP Act came into force for health care bodies on October 1, 1998.

Local government body (Section 1(i))

A local government body is defined in the Act to mean:

• a municipality as defined in the Municipal Government Act;
• an improvement district under the Municipal Government Act;
• a special area as defined by the Special Areas Act;
• a regional services commission under Part 15.1 of the Municipal Government Act;
• a board established under the Drainage Districts Act;
• a board established under the Irrigation Districts Act;
• a management body established under the Alberta Housing Act;
• a Métis settlement established under the Metis Settlements Act;
• the Métis Settlements General Council established under the Metis Settlements Act;
• any commission, police service or policing committee as defined in the Police Act;
• any municipal library board, library system board, federation board or joint municipal library board established or continued under the Libraries Act; or
• any board, committee, commission, panel, agency or corporation that is created or owned by any of the bodies listed above and all the members or officers of which are appointed or chosen by that body.

The FOIP Act came into force for local government bodies on October 1, 1999.

Bodies not within the scope of the Act

Section 1(p) specifically excludes the following from the scope of the Act :

• the office of the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly;
• the office of a Member of the Legislative Assembly; and
• the Court of Appeal of Alberta, the Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta and the Provincial Court of Alberta.

Since government departments are public bodies and the Executive Council Office is a public body, but the office of a Member of the Legislative Assembly is not, some records of Members of the Executive Council (Cabinet members) will fall within the scope of the Act and others will not. The records of Members of the Executive Council that relate to their duties in Cabinet and in the administration and operation of a public body are within the scope of the Act, but records that relate to their duties as MLAs are not.

Section 1(i) defines local government body to exclude certain agencies from the Act.

EPCOR Utilities Inc. and ENMAX Corporation and any of their subsidiaries that own a gas utility, a generating unit, transmission facility or electric distribution system, or whose primary business activity is providing electricity services, are excluded from the scope of the FOIP Act. However, these organizations are subject to the provisions of the Personal Information Protection Act for collection, use, disclosure, retention and protection of personal information inside Alberta and to the provisions of the federal Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act for personal information that is disclosed outside Alberta.

As well, community library boards established under the Libraries Act are not public bodies under the Act. However, if a community library board receives assistance from a municipality or a government department, records relating to that assistance may be available from the municipality or government department.

The RCMP is not a public body under the FOIP Act. The RCMP is a “government institution” subject to the federal government's Access to Information Act and Privacy Act. RCMP detachments operating as municipal police services are not local government bodies under the FOIP Act.

A First Nation's Police Service is not a public body under the FOIP Act and is not subject to the federal government's access and privacy legislation.

Existing procedures for access

The FOIP Act is in addition to and does not replace existing procedures for obtaining access to information or records held by public bodies (section 3(a)). However, any routine disclosure of personal information by public bodies must be in compliance with Part 2 of the Act.

Routine disclosure of information is discussed in more detail in section 2.4 of Chapter 2.

Archival records

The Act does not affect access to records in the Provincial Archives of Alberta, or any other archives of a public body, if public access to the records was not restricted before the Act came into force with respect to those archives (section 3(b)).

If an archival institution serving a public body declared records in a certain class or date range open to public access before the public body became subject to the Act, those records may remain open to public access. The FOIP Act does not apply to them.

Legal proceedings

The Act does not limit the information otherwise available by law to a party to legal proceedings (section 3(c)).

Legal proceedings are activities governed by rules of court or rules of judicial or quasi-judicial tribunals that can result in a judgment of a court or a ruling by a tribunal.

Section 3(c) means that the Act does not prevent or limit the use of legal processes such as examination for discovery to gather information about a party in a lawsuit. It is relatively common for persons involved in a criminal or civil legal action to make a FOIP request to a public body for records relating to the case. Such a request should be processed as a FOIP request, applying the provisions of the Act.

If an action proceeds to discovery, or if some other legal procedure is invoked to obtain disclosure of records, the rules governing that legal procedure will apply. The access provisions of the FOIP Act are applicable only to requests made under the FOIP Act and not to other legal processes. It is common to have both processes going on at the same time. See, for example, the discussion in IPC Order 97-009.

The provisions of the Act do not override the power of any court or tribunal to compel a witness to testify or to compel the production of documents (section 3(d)).

Disposition of records

The Act does not prohibit the transfer, storage or destruction of a record in accordance with an enactment of Alberta or Canada, or, in the case of local public bodies, as sanctioned by a bylaw, resolution or other legal instrument by which a local public body acts (section 3(e)). This provision permits the orderly disposition of records by public bodies in accordance with records retention and disposition schedules. If a local public body has no bylaw, resolution or other legal instrument with respect to the transfer, storage or destruction of records, it may carry out these functions in accordance with a policy authorized by its governing body.

See Chapter 8 of this publication for more discussion on records and information management, including the effect of section 35(b) of the Act on the disposition of records.

The Act applies to all the records in the custody or under the control of a public body, including court administration records (section 4(1)). This means that a public body does not need to have both custody and control of a record for the Act to apply to it (see IPC Order 2000-005).

Record (Section 1(q))

Record means a record of information in any form and includes notes, images, audiovisual recordings, x-rays, books, documents, maps, drawings, photographs, letters, vouchers and papers, and any other information that is written, photographed, recorded or stored in any manner but does not include software or any mechanism that produces records (section 1(q)).

Any recorded information, including handwritten notes and electronic correspondence or messages, which is in the custody or control of a public body is a record for the purposes of the Act.

However, software and other mechanisms used to produce records are not considered records for purposes of the legislation.

Personal information (Section 1(n))

The Act defines personal information as recorded information about an identifiable individual, including, but not limited to

• the individual's name, home or business address or home or business telephone number;
• the individual's race, national or ethnic origin, colour or religious or political beliefs or associations;
• the individual's age, sex, marital status or family status;
• an identifying number, symbol or other particular assigned to the individual;
• the individual's fingerprints, other biometric information, blood type, genetic information or inheritable characteristics;
• information about the individual's health and health care history, including information about a physical or mental disability;
• information about the individual's educational, financial, employment or criminal history, including criminal records where a pardon has been given;
• anyone else's opinions about the individual; and
• the individual's personal views or opinions, except if they are about someone else.

Biometric information is defined in section 1(b.1) to mean information derived from an individual's unique, measurable characteristics. Biometric information is collected through fingerprinting, facial and voice recognition programs, and iris and retinal scans. This type of personal information is increasingly used in law enforcement, fraud prevention, for physical access or computer network security. As with all types of personal information, biometric information may be collected, used and disclosed only in accordance with Part 2 of the Act.

Genetic information includes an individual's DNA information. This term was added to the definition of personal information to clarify that the FOIP Act applies to information obtained as a result of DNA analysis. Matters concerning ownership of DNA, the collection of DNA under the federal DNA Identification Act and the use of DNA in a commercial context are outside the scope of the FOIP Act.

A public body has custody of a record when the record is in the physical possession of the public body (see IPC Orders 2000-003 and 2000-005).  

A record is in the possession of a public body if the public body is physically holding or retaining the record. Some examples of records in the possession of a public body are: active records in an employee's office filing cabinet or in a central filing system on the public body's premises; inactive records in a records storage centre that may be located off the public body's premises; working papers in an employee's desk drawer; and electronic records located on an employee's computer at work.

A record is under the control of a public body when the public body has the authority to manage the record, including restricting, regulating and administering its use, disclosure or disposition.

Some indicators that a record may be in the custody or under the control of a public body are as follows:

• the record was created by an officer, employee or member of the public body;
• the record was created by an outside contracted consultant for the public body;
• the record is specified in a contract as being under the control of a public body;
• the record is in the possession of the public body;
• the record is closely integrated with other records of the public body;
• the content of the record relates to the public body's mandate and functions;
• the public body has the authority to regulate the record's use and disposition;
• the public body has relied upon the record to a substantial extent; or
• a contract permits the public body to inspect, review or copy records produced, received or acquired by a contractor as a result of a contract.

(See IPC Order 99-032.)

In IPC Order 99-020, the Information and Privacy Commissioner considered whether certain records were under the control of the Auditor General. The Commissioner decided that certain typewritten notes were created by the Auditor General and were under the control of that Officer. However, he decided that handwritten notations on those records must be considered separate and distinct from the typewritten portions of the records. The notations changed the character and provided value-added information to those records. As such, they were neither created by nor in the custody or under the control of the Auditor General.

The most common situation where a public body may have control, but not custody, of a record is in the case of contracted services. The record may have been created by and may still be in the possession of the contractor, but the public body has set out some rights of access in the contract.

For example, if the contract requires the contractor to make records available to the public body to audit the services provided or to justify the payment of contractor's invoices, the records used by the public body to monitor or inspect the delivery of the services would likely be deemed to be under its control.

If a counsellor under contract to a public body maintains notes of his or her counselling activities on behalf of the public body in his or her office or home, the notes are likely to be considered to be under the control of the public body for purposes of the FOIP Act.

Administrative records relating to the business of a contractor would not normally be considered to be under the control of a public body unless this was specifically stipulated in the contract. If a contractor deals with a subcontractor, but a public body does not exercise any rights in regard to the records relating to the work of the subcontractor, those records will not be under the control of a public body.

A fuller discussion of FOIP and contract management is found in the publication Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy: Contract Manager's Guide, published by Access and Privacy Branch, Alberta Government Services.

Where a public body stores records in a records storage facility (e.g. the Alberta Records Centre for provincial government bodies), both control and custody will likely lie with the public body storing the records and not with the organization offering the storage service.

Categories of excluded records

A limited number of records in the custody or under the control of public bodies are excluded from the application of the Act. In some cases, another process is available to obtain access to these records. The exclusions are as follows.

Certain categories of court and judicial records (Section 4(1)(a))

The FOIP Act does not apply to information in a court file, a record of a judge of the Court of Appeal of Alberta, the Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta, or the Provincial Court of Alberta, a record of a master of the Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta, a record of a sitting or presiding justice of the peace, or a judicial administration record or a record relating to support services provided to the judges of any of the courts referred to above.

Information in a court file is not limited to the contents of the paper file accessible to the public by doing a search at the courthouse. It also includes any information taken from such a file and used to create another record, including a criminal docket (Alberta (Attorney General) v. Krushell, 2003 ABQB 252).

The term judicial administration record is defined in section 4(3) of the Act and appears in the Definitions in Appendix 1 of this publication.

Draft judicial or quasi-judicial decisions (Section 4(1)(b))

A personal note, communication or draft decision created by or for a person who is acting in a judicial or quasi-judicial capacity is not within the scope of the Act. This includes any authority designated by the Lieutenant Governor in Council that is subject to the Administrative Procedures Act.

This exclusion also applies to communications between the members of the judicial or quasi-judicial body themselves, and between members and support staff, when these communications relate to the judicial or quasi-judicial functions of the body.

Section 4(1)(b) does not apply to final decisions or reasons for decision of the judicial or quasi-judicial body, although another exclusion or exception may apply to these records.

A personal note of a member of a judicial or quasi-judicial tribunal is one intended solely for the use of the person who wrote it (see IPC Order 99-025).

The following criteria, which are not exhaustive, should be reviewed in determining whether a body is acting in a “judicial or quasi-judicial capacity”:

• Is there anything in the language in which the function is conferred or in the general context in which it is exercised which suggests that a hearing is contemplated before a decision is reached?
• Does the decision or order directly or indirectly affect the rights and obligations of persons?
• Is the adversarial process involved?
• Is there an obligation to apply substantive rules to many individual cases rather than, for example, the obligation to implement social and economic policy in a broad sense?

(See IPC Order 99-025.)

No one factor is decisive and it will be necessary to consider the legislation under which a decision is made to see whether the rules of natural justice apply. The nature of the issue to be decided and the importance of the decision for those affected should also be examined. Public bodies may wish to seek legal advice when dealing with these issues.

Examples of provincial public bodies that make quasi-judicial decisions are the Alberta Energy and Utilities Board, the Environmental Appeal Board, and the Board of Reference. Examples at the local government level are a Subdivision and Development Appeal Board and an Assessment Review Board. Such bodies make rulings of a judicial, as opposed to an administrative, nature.

Quality assurance records of health care bodies (Section 4(1)(c))

Quality assurance committees study, assess and evaluate the provision of health services with a view to continuous improvement. Under section 9 of the Alberta Evidence Act, certain records of, and documentation supplied to, quality assurance committees (as that term is defined in the Alberta Evidence Act) in health care bodies are not admissible as evidence in court. Section 4(1)(c) excludes these quality assurance records from the scope of the FOIP Act.

This exclusion applies only to the records of quality assurance committees as defined in the Alberta Evidence Act, and not to other quality assurance committees established within health care bodies and other public bodies to monitor the quality of health services or other services.

The exclusion for the records of quality assurance committees does not extend to original medical and hospital records of a patient, even if they were supplied to a quality assurance committee. This means that health care bodies that are custodians under the Health Information Act would treat the medical records of individuals disclosed to a quality assurance committee as health information, subject to the Health Information Act.

Records of an officer of the Legislature (Section 4(1)(d))

A record that is created by or for or is in the custody or under the control of an officer of the Legislature, and relates to the exercise of that officer's functions under an Act of Alberta, is not within the scope of the FOIP Act.

Operational files and correspondence of the Auditor General, the Information and Privacy Commissioner, the Ethics Commissioner, the Chief Electoral Officer, and the Ombudsman are excluded from the coverage of the Act. Correspondence to and from these offices is excluded regardless of where the correspondence or files are located. This applies to letters and draft reports in the custody of a public body. Records created by employees and contractors for these officers are also excluded. (See IPC Order 97-008.)

The administrative files of these legislative offices, however, are subject to the Act. These include personnel information, contracts and general office management records.

Records provided to the Ethics Commissioner (Section 4(1)(e))

Information is excluded if it is collected by or for the Ethics Commissioner or is in the custody or under the control of the Ethics Commissioner, and relates to the disclosure statements of deputy ministers and other senior officers which have been deposited with the Ethics Commissioner. This provision covers records created from information provided to the Ethics Commissioner.

Records created by or for the Ethics Commissioner (Section 4(1)(f))

Records are excluded if they are created by or for the Ethics Commissioner or are in the custody or under the control of the Ethics Commissioner and relate to any advice about conflicts of interest, whether or not the advice was given under the Conflicts of Interests Act.

A question to be used on an examination or test (Section 4(1)(g))

A question to be used on an examination or test is not within the scope of the Act. This exclusion applies to questions that are to be used in the future and question banks from which questions are to be selected for future tests. The exclusion also applies to instructions and reading passages in an examination paper (IPC Order F2002-012).

The exclusion does not apply to test banks containing tests administered in the past that are to be used as a source of future questions for tests. An applicant may request access to questions that were used in previous tests, but which will not be used again.

Teaching materials (Section 4(1)(h))

The Act does not apply to teaching materials of employees of a post-secondary educational body or of the post-secondary educational body itself. Nor does it apply to teaching materials of both employees and the post-secondary educational body. This exclusion is intended to ensure that the access provisions of the Act do not compromise the right to priority of publication of those responsible for the creation of post-secondary teaching materials.

Teaching materials include records produced or compiled for the purpose of providing systematic instruction to a person about a subject or skill and include records created or compiled to aid the instructor in imparting information or for distribution to students.

Post-secondary educational body means a university, a technical institute, a public college, and the Banff Centre, all as defined in the Post-secondary Learning Act.

Research information of employees (Section 4(1)(i))

Also excluded from the scope of the FOIP Act is research information of employees of a post-secondary educational body. This provision is intended to ensure that the access provisions of the Act do not compromise the right to priority of publication or to register patents or industrial designs of those responsible for the creation of post-secondary research information.

Research information includes records produced or compiled as part of a research project, and include data, working papers, bibliographies and other materials used in the research process.

Archival materials (Section 4(1)(j))

Material that has been deposited in the Provincial Archives of Alberta, or in the archives of a public body, by or for a person or entity other than a public body is not within the scope of the Act.

Individuals, corporations, labour unions, churches, and other groups may place collections of papers in the archives of public bodies. These materials may continue to be owned by the depositing body or may be given to the archives. These records are not subject to the Act.

For this exclusion to apply, a record must be deposited by or on behalf of a third party with no involvement by a public body except as a recipient of the record (see IPC Order 2000-003).

This provision also applies to records of Members of the Executive Council who held office prior to April 1, 1995, if the records relate to a term of office prior to that date and were donated to the Provincial Archives of Alberta. These records are considered to be private records. Records relating to a term of office after that date are subject to the Act.

Records relating to an ongoing prosecution (Section 4(1)(k))

The Act does not apply to a record relating to a prosecution, if all proceedings in respect of the prosecution have not been completed. Prosecution records are excluded until the appeal period has expired and, in a case where Crown counsel has stayed a criminal prosecution, until the one-year period from the stay has expired.

This exclusion allows for the disclosure of information during a legal proceeding to take place in accordance with the rules governing the proceeding. However, before the proceeding takes place, and after any stay or appeal period has expired, the FOIP Act applies to the records involved. See also Chapter 4.6 of this publication for records relating to the exercise of prosecutorial discretion.

Public registries (Section 4(1)(l))

The Act does not apply to a record made from information in:

• the Personal Property Registry;
• the office of the Registrar of Motor Vehicle Services;
• the office of the Registrar of Corporations;
• the office of the Registrar of Companies;
• a Land Titles Office;
• an office of the Director or of a district registrar as defined in the Vital Statistics Act; or
• a registry operated by a public body if that registry is authorized or recognized by an enactment and public access to the registry is normally permitted.

A number of public bodies are responsible for public registries that serve the public interest by maintaining records relating to a range of legal rights and duties, including the transfer of land, corporate ownership, the securing of debt, the registration of vehicles and the licensing of drivers. These activities tend to be subject to regulatory frameworks that attempt to provide a balance between public and private interests with respect to the information contained in the particular registry.

Section 4(1)(l) excludes information in the listed registries from the access provisions under Part 1 of the Act and the use and disclosure provisions under Part 2 . This exclusion allows for the operation of other policies and procedures for access to information and the protection of personal information in registries. The Information and Privacy Commissioner has interpreted section 4(1)(l) in a number of Orders.

The Commissioner considered the extent of the exclusion for registries in an Order relating to records made from information in the office of the Registrar of Motor Vehicle Services (section 4(1)(l)(ii)). He decided that, because the exclusion applied to records made from the information in the registry, the exclusion did not apply to the collection of the information by the Registrar. The collection of information in the first instance by Alberta Registries is subject to the Act (see IPC Orders 2000-020, 2000-023 and 2001-029).

For example, Vital Statistics was authorized under the Vital Statistics Act to collect certain prenatal information of mothers from the physician's notice of birth. The Commissioner had jurisdiction only to determine whether too much information was being collected (see IPC Investigation Report 99-IR-001).

A registrar means an officer who has the custody and charge of keeping a registry or register and is charged with keeping authoritative and reliable records (IPC Order 2001-029).

A registry means a book authorized or recognized by law, kept for recording or registration of facts or documents (IPC Order 2001-029).

The Commissioner has considered the meaning of the term office in two Orders. In a decision relating to Vital Statistics Services (section 4(1)(l)(vi)), the Commissioner found that the term office was not limited a physical office but applied to the functions and duties associated with that office (IPC Order 2001-014).

Similarly, the office of the Registrar of Motor Vehicle Services (section 4(1)(l)(ii)) includes not only the Registrar's physical office, but also the information systems that pertain to the Registrar's official capacities (IPC Order 2001-029).

IPC Order 2000-022 defined a record made from information in a Land Titles Office to mean a record made from information that related to the search, registration or filing functions of a land titles office.

To be excluded under section 4(1)(l)(vii), two conditions must be present. The registry operated by a public body must be authorized or recognized by an enactment and public access to the registry must normally be permitted (IPC Order 2001-029).

The exclusion in section 4(1)(l) does not apply if the requested information is not the same as what is publicly available from that Registry (see IPC Order 2000-024).

The exclusion applies to any record made from information in such a registry, whether the record is in the custody of the public body operating the registry or of another public body.

Records of elected officials of local public bodies (Section 4(1)(m))

A personal or constituency record of an elected official of a local public body, such as a school trustee, a municipal councillor or a Métis settlement councillor, is excluded from the coverage of the FOIP Act (see IPC Order 99-032). The onus will be on the elected official to show that the records are not related in any way to the business of the municipality, school board, Métis settlement, or other local public body to which the official has been elected.

Constituency records relate to an elected official's constituency office, those who may have worked on an election campaign and details about the campaign. Examples of such records include:

• private correspondence of an elected official that has not been sent or received by the official in his or her capacity as an officer of the local public body but which may be maintained in his or her public office for convenience;
• records relating to the election campaign of an elected official of a local public body, other than those records required to be submitted to the authority governing the election;
• personal notes created solely as a memory aid and not scheduled for retention by the public body;
• records of personal or family appointments or events, such as medical appointments, birthdays, vacations and financial transactions;
• records related to a community organization or non-profit group to which the individual belongs on a personal basis and not as a representative of the public body; or
• records related to a commercial or private business enterprise in which the individual is employed, holds office or of which he or she is an owner, director, shareholder or partner.

The following are useful guidelines for elected officials in determining whether a record is excluded from the scope of the Act :

• the record is not deposited with the administration of the local public body;
• the local public body has no power to compel the elected official to produce the records, even when referred to in a meeting of elected officials;
• the local public body has no authority to regulate or dispose of the records;
• the record exists and is referred to as a part of the elected official's mandate to represent the constituent, not as a basis for action by the local public body; or
• the record is not integrated with other local public body records in the office of the elected official.

For more information on this exclusion, see FOIP Bulletin No. 6, Records of Elected and Appointed Officials of Local Public Bodies, published by Access and Privacy Branch, Alberta Government Services.

Personal records of appointed or elected members of the governing body of a local public body (Section 4(1)(n))

Personal records of appointed or elected members of governing bodies of local public bodies are excluded from the Act.

Governing body means the body that has the statutory authority to govern and make decisions affecting the local public body. This includes library boards, boards of housing management bodies and regional health authority boards. For universities, technical institutes, public colleges and the Banff Centre, the term is defined in section 4(2) to mean the board of governors and the general faculties council or academic council of the post-secondary body, as applicable.

In addition to the relevant examples cited above with respect to elected officials (section 4(1)(m)), the exclusion for personal records of appointed governing body members might cover

• records related to a professional or similar organization to which the individual belongs or in which he or she holds office;
• biographical and historical material about the individual which has not been made public;
• records related to previous jobs or appointments of the appointee;
• references given to individuals not employed by the local public body; or
• research, speeches, lecture notes and similar items which are not related to the local public body and which were not produced at the expense of the local public body.

The exclusion does not apply to personal information in records related to the mandate and functions of the governing body or related to the member in his or her capacity as an employee.

For more information on this exclusion, see FOIP Bulletin No. 6, Records of Elected and Appointed Officials of Local Public Bodies, published by Access and Privacy Branch, Alberta Government Services.

Personal or constituency records of a member of the Executive Council (Section 4(1)(o))

A personal record or constituency record of a member of the Executive Council is not within the scope of the Act. This means that records that relate to the duties of a member of the Executive Council as an MLA are excluded from the scope of the Act, but records that relate to duties in Cabinet and in the administration and operation of a public body are within the scope of the Act. Examples of constituency records and the guidelines for elected officials are discussed in relation to section 4(1)(m) earlier in this chapter.

Records of the Speaker or an MLA that are in the custody or control of the Legislative Assembly Office (Section 4(1)(p))

A record created by or for the office of the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly or the office of a Member of the Legislative Assembly that is in the custody or under the control of the Legislative Assembly Office is not within the scope of the Act (see IPC Order 97-017).

Created by or for has been interpreted by the Information and Privacy Commissioner to mean created by or on behalf of (IPC Order 97-007).

Correspondence of Ministers, MLAs and agency heads (Section 4(1)(q))

This provision excludes certain records created by or for

• a member of the Executive Council;
• a Member of the Legislative Assembly; or
• a chair of a Provincial agency, as defined in the Financial AdministrationAct, who is a Member of the Legislative Assembly.

Created by or for means created by or on behalf of a Minister, MLA or agency head. In order to be excluded from the scope of the Act, the record must have emanated from the office of the Minister, MLA or agency head and must have been sent, or be intended to be sent, to one of the persons listed above (see IPC Order 97-007).

This exclusion does not generally apply to records created by officials or employees performing their duties under their governing legislation. It also does not apply to reports (e.g. an investigation report under section 15.1 of the Social Care Facilities Review Act or an annual report) that a Schedule 1 public body must provide to a Minister.

Section 4(1)(q) allows for the exclusion of certain records of Standing Policy Committees, where information that may eventually form part of the discussions of the Executive Council, the Treasury Board or one of their respective committees is exchanged and is the subject of discussion, consideration, advice and recommendation. The provision also excludes certain records of boards and agencies chaired by an MLA. Examples include the Seniors Advisory Council and the Northern Alberta Development Council.

The exclusion extends to copies of such records sent to others, including officials in a public body (see IPC Order 99-005).

The exclusion applies to an attachment only if section 4(1)(q) applies individually to the attachment. The fact that a Minister attaches a covering letter to a record authored by someone else (and not emanating from the Minister's Office) does not mean that the Minister “created” the record (see IPC Order 2000-013).

If a record is created by a person who acts on behalf of one of the classes of persons listed in section 4(1)(q) , the exclusion applies only if the record indicates that the individual is acting on that person's behalf, or this is evident in some other way (see IPC Order 96-020).

Alberta Treasury Branch records (Section 4(1)(r))

Records in the custody or under the control of an Alberta Treasury Branch, other than a record that relates to a non-arm's length transaction between the Government of Alberta and another party, are excluded from the coverage of the Act. The Act does not apply to the banking records of individuals, corporations and organizations that deal with the Alberta Treasury Branches.

In order for this exclusion to apply, the record must be in the custody of the Alberta Treasury Branch or under its control. The Treasury Branch must either have possession of the original record or some authority to manage it (see IPC Order 98-019).

A non-arm's length transaction is defined, for the purposes of this provision, and the following provision concerning credit union records, as any transaction that has been approved by

• the Executive Council or any of its committees;
• the Treasury Board or any of its committees; or
• a member of the Executive Council (section 4(4)).

This definition does not apply to section 16 of the Act (see IPC Order 98-013).

Credit union records (Section 4(1)(s))

The following records relating to credit unions are excluded from the Act :

• records relating to the business or affairs of Credit Union Central Alberta Limited, a credit union or a dissolved credit union; and
• records relating to an application for incorporation as a credit union.

In both cases, the records must be obtained or produced in the course of administering or enforcing the Credit Union Act or the regulations under it, and must relate to a transaction that is not a non-arm's length transaction as described above. See IPC Order 97-003 for a further discussion of credit union records.

Credit union records respecting loans assumed by the Credit Union Deposit Guarantee Corporation (Section 4(1)(t))

The Act does not apply to a record of information referred to in section 120(3) of the Credit Union Act (advertising of long-term unclaimed balances) or respecting loans made by a credit union that are subsequently assumed by the Credit Union Deposit Guarantee Corporation.

Health information of a public body that is a custodian under the Health Information Act (Section 4(1)(u))

This provision excludes health information, as defined in the Health Information Act, that is in the custody or under the control of a public body that is a custodian, as that term is defined in the Health Information Act.

If a public body that is a custodian under the Health Information Act (e.g. a health care body such as a regional health authority) receives a request for access to an individual's own personal information, the rules regarding access to information under the Health Information Act apply to the individual's health information, as defined in section 1(1)(k) of the Health Information Act. The rules regarding access to information under the FOIP Act apply to the individual's other personal information, as defined in section 1(n) of the FOIP Act.

Accounting for excluded records

Where excluded records or information form a portion of the records responsive to a FOIP request, a public body should consider whether the request for access to the information could be accommodated outside the FOIP process.

It is within the Information and Privacy Commissioner's jurisdiction to determine whether an exclusion applies to a particular record or part of a record. The Commissioner has no jurisdiction over records that do not fall within the scope of the FOIP Act (see IPC Order 99-034).

If a public body applies an exclusion, it is not necessary to notify an applicant of all exceptions that the public body may claim if the Commissioner finds, on review, that the exclusion does not apply (see IPC Order 99-033).

If there is a request for review by the Commissioner, and the Commissioner finds that the information is not excluded, an opportunity will be given to the public body to consider any exceptions that may apply. See IPC Practice Note No. 4, Section 4 – Exclusions from the Act, published by the Office of the Information and Privacy Commissioner.

Paramountcy

Section 5 states that, if a provision of the FOIP Act is inconsistent or conflicts with another enactment, the provision of the FOIP Act prevails unless

• another Act; or
• a regulation under the FOIP Act

expressly provides that the other Act or regulation, or a provision of it, prevails over the FOIP Act.

Section 5 provides for situations where two legislative enactments cannot stand together. Compliance with one law would involve a breach of the other. When this happens, section 5 provides the means for resolving the conflict or inconsistency. If a provision of another Act or regulation is paramount over the FOIP Act, then the FOIP Act does not apply, to the extent of the conflict or inconsistency.

Certain statutes and regulations, or sections of statutes and regulations, that prevail despite the FOIP Act are listed in sections 15 and 17 of the FOIP Regulation.

Several other statutes contain their own paramountcy provisions. A paramountcy provision states that an Act or a section of an Act prevails despite the FOIP Act (e.g. the Municipal Government Act, sections 299 to 301). (See the listing of the provisions of statutes and regulations that are paramount over the FOIP Act on the FOIP web site: foip.gov.ab.ca)

When considering records that might be subject to a paramountcy provision in other legislation, a public body has to be sure that the record(s) being reviewed contain the kind of information that is referred to in the other act or regulation. If the other Act or regulation refers to a certain category of information, such as a “report of a Securities Act investigator” or “adoption information” under the Child, Youth and Family Enhancement Act, the information requested must be able to be characterized in that way (see IPC Order 99-027).

If the Information and Privacy Commissioner finds that a provision of the FOIP Act is inconsistent or in conflict with another enactment, and the other enactment is one that prevails, the Commissioner has no jurisdiction over the information with respect to that provision (see IPC Order 99-034).

Increasingly, any required paramountcy will be included in other Acts, rather than in the FOIP Regulation. Public bodies should be familiar with their governing legislation. For a more detailed discussion of Paramountcy, see FOIP Bulletin No. 11, Paramountcy, published by Access and Privacy Branch, Alberta Government Services.

Copyright Act

Section 32.1 of the Copyright Act (Canada) states that disclosure of a record pursuant to the Access to Information Act (Canada), or disclosure pursuant to any like Act of the legislature of a province, does not constitute an infringement of copyright.

Public bodies are not infringing copyright by disclosing copyright material in response to a FOIP request. However, it may be relevant to consider the application of section 29 of the FOIP Act (information that is or will be available for purchase by the public).